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<title>Shikimate pathway</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shikimate pathway</span></span>
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<p>The <b>shikimate pathway</b> (<b><a href="Shikimic_acid" title="Shikimic acid">shikimic acid</a> pathway</b>) is a seven-step <a href="Metabolic_pathway" title="Metabolic pathway">metabolic pathway</a> used by <a href="Bacterium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterium">bacteria</a>, <a href="Archaea" title="Archaea">archaea</a>, <a href="Fungus" title="Fungus">fungi</a>, <a href="Alga" class="mw-redirect" title="Alga">algae</a>, some <a href="Protozoa" title="Protozoa">protozoans</a>, and <a href="Plant" title="Plant">plants</a> for the <a href="Biosynthesis" title="Biosynthesis">biosynthesis</a> of <a href="Folate" title="Folate">folates</a> and <a href="Aromatic_amino_acid" title="Aromatic amino acid">aromatic amino acids</a> (<a href="Tryptophan" title="Tryptophan">tryptophan</a>, <a href="Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">phenylalanine</a>, and <a href="Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">tyrosine</a>). This pathway is not found in mammals.
</p><p>The five enzymes involved in the shikimate pathway are <a href="3-dehydroquinate_dehydratase" title="3-dehydroquinate dehydratase">3-dehydroquinate dehydratase</a>, <a href="Shikimate_dehydrogenase" title="Shikimate dehydrogenase">shikimate dehydrogenase</a>, <a href="Shikimate_kinase" title="Shikimate kinase">shikimate kinase</a>, <a href="EPSP_synthase" title="EPSP synthase">EPSP synthase</a>, and <a href="Chorismate_synthase" title="Chorismate synthase">chorismate synthase</a>. In bacteria and eurkaryotes, the pathway starts with two <a href="Substrate_(biochemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Substrate (biochemistry)">substrates</a>, <a href="Phosphoenol_pyruvate" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphoenol pyruvate">phosphoenol pyruvate</a> and <a href="Erythrose-4-phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrose-4-phosphate">erythrose-4-phosphate</a>, are processed by <a href="DAHP_synthase" title="DAHP synthase">DAHP synthase</a> and <a href="3-dehydroquinate_synthase" title="3-dehydroquinate synthase">3-dehydroquinate synthase</a> to form <a href="3-dehydroquinate" class="mw-redirect" title="3-dehydroquinate">3-dehydroquinate</a>. In archaea, <a href="2-amino-3%2C7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate_synthase" title="2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate synthase">2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate synthase</a> condenses <a href="L-Aspartic-4-semialdehyde" title="L-Aspartic-4-semialdehyde">L-Aspartic-4-semialdehyde</a> with a sugar to form 2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate, which is then turned by <a href="3-dehydroquinate_synthase_II" title="3-dehydroquinate synthase II">3-dehydroquinate synthase II</a> into 3-dehydroquinate. Both pathways end with <a href="Chorismate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorismate">chorismate</a> (chrorismic acid), a substrate for the three aromatic amino acids. The fifth <a href="Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> involved is the <a href="Shikimate_kinase" title="Shikimate kinase">shikimate kinase</a>, an enzyme that catalyzes the <a href="Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a>-dependent <a href="Phosphorylation" title="Phosphorylation">phosphorylation</a> of <a href="Shikimic_acid" title="Shikimic acid">shikimate</a> to form shikimate 3-phosphate (shown in the figure below).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shikimate 3-phosphate is then coupled with <a href="Phosphoenol_pyruvate" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphoenol pyruvate">phosphoenol pyruvate</a> to give <a href="5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate">5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate</a> via the enzyme <a href="EPSP_synthase" title="EPSP synthase">5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase</a>.
Glyphosate, the herbicidal ingredient in <a href="Roundup_(herbicide)" title="Roundup (herbicide)">Roundup</a>, is a competitive inhibitor of EPSP synthase, acting as a <a href="Transition_state_analog" title="Transition state analog">transition state analog</a> that binds more tightly to the EPSPS-S3P complex than PEP and inhibits the shikimate pathway.
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<p>Then 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate is transformed into <a href="Chorismate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorismate">chorismate</a> by a <a href="Chorismate_synthase" title="Chorismate synthase">chorismate synthase</a>.
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<p><a href="Prephenic_acid" title="Prephenic acid">Prephenic acid</a> is then synthesized by a <a href="Claisen_rearrangement" title="Claisen rearrangement">Claisen rearrangement</a> of <a href="Chorismate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorismate">chorismate</a> by <a href="Chorismate_mutase" title="Chorismate mutase">chorismate mutase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<p>Prephenate is <a href="Oxidative_decarboxylation" title="Oxidative decarboxylation">oxidatively decarboxylated</a> with retention of the <a href="Hydroxyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxyl">hydroxyl</a> group to give <a href="P-hydroxyphenylpyruvate" class="mw-redirect" title="P-hydroxyphenylpyruvate"><i>p</i>-hydroxyphenylpyruvate</a>, which is <a href="Transamination" title="Transamination">transaminated</a> using <a href="Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid">glutamate</a> as the nitrogen source to give <a href="Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">tyrosine</a> and <a href="Alpha-Ketoglutaric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid">α-ketoglutarate</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHerrmannWeaver1999" class="citation journal cs1">Herrmann, K. M.; Weaver, L. M. (1999). "The Shikimate Pathway". <i>Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology</i>. <b>50</b>: <span class="nowrap">473–</span>503. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.arplant.50.1.473">10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.473</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15012217">15012217</a>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHelmut_Goerisch1978" class="citation journal cs1">Helmut Goerisch (1978). "On the mechanism of the chorismate mutase reaction". <i><a href="Biochemistry_(journal)" title="Biochemistry (journal)">Biochemistry</a></i>. <b>17</b> (18): <span class="nowrap">3700–</span>3705. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fbi00611a004">10.1021/bi00611a004</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/100134">100134</a>.</cite></span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shikimic_acid_pathway" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Shikimic acid pathway">Shikimic acid pathway</a></span>.</div></div>
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</style><div id="Metabolism_map18" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Metabolism" title="Metabolism">Metabolism</a> map</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="border:solid #ccc 1px;width:810px;margin: 0 auto">
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<div style="background-color:transparent; color:var(--color-base,#202122)"><div id="annotation_225x150" style="position:absolute; left:225px; top:150px; font-size:15px; font-size:15; line-height:17px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><a href="Carbon_fixation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fixation"><span style="color:#bc00bc;">Carbon<br>fixation</span></a></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_135x185" style="position:absolute; left:135px; top:185px; font-size:15px; font-size:15; line-height:17px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><a href="Photorespiration" title="Photorespiration"><span style="color:#5400a9;">Photo-<br>respiration</span></a></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_395x140" style="position:absolute; left:395px; top:140px; font-size:15px; font-size:15; line-height:17px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><a href="Pentose_phosphate_pathway" title="Pentose phosphate pathway"><span style="color:#bc00bc;">Pentose<br>phosphate<br>pathway</span></a></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_215x340" style="position:absolute; left:215px; top:340px; font-size:15px; font-size:15; line-height:17px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><a href="Citric_acid_cycle" title="Citric acid cycle"><span style="color:#edb500;">Citric<br>acid cycle</span></a></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_365x505" style="position:absolute; left:365px; top:505px; font-size:15px; font-size:15; line-height:17px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><a href="Glyoxylate_cycle" title="Glyoxylate cycle"><span style="color:#edb500;">Glyoxylate<br>cycle</span></a></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_125x398" style="position:absolute; left:125px; top:398px; font-size:15px; font-size:15; line-height:17px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><a href="Urea_cycle" title="Urea cycle"><span style="color:#89dd00;">Urea<br>cycle</span></a></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_495x260" style="position:absolute; left:495px; top:260px; font-size:15px; font-size:15; line-height:17px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><a href="Fatty_acid_synthesis" title="Fatty acid synthesis"><span style="color:#00d300;">Fatty<br>acid<br>synthesis</span></a></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_495x335" style="position:absolute; left:495px; top:335px; font-size:15px; font-size:15; line-height:17px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><a href="Fatty_acid_synthesis" title="Fatty acid synthesis"><span style="color:#00d300;">Fatty<br>acid<br>elongation</span></a></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_497x425" style="position:absolute; left:497px; top:425px; font-size:15px; font-size:15; line-height:17px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><a href="Beta_oxidation" title="Beta oxidation"><span style="color:#ff66cc;">Beta<br>oxidation</span></a></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_495x495" style="position:absolute; left:495px; top:495px; font-size:12px; font-size:12; line-height:14px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><a href="Beta_oxidation#Peroxisomal_beta-oxidation" title="Beta oxidation"><span style="color:#ff66cc;">Peroxisomal</span></a></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_497x510" style="position:absolute; left:497px; top:510px; font-size:15px; font-size:15; line-height:17px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><a href="Beta_oxidation#Peroxisomal_beta-oxidation" title="Beta oxidation"><span style="color:#ff66cc;">beta<br>oxidation</span></a></i> </span></div>
<p><br>
</p>
<div id="annotation_295x42" style="position:absolute; left:295px; top:42px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:right;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Glycogenolysis" title="Glycogenolysis"><span style="color:#8a2c2c;">Glyco-<br>genolysis</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_280x80" style="position:absolute; left:280px; top:80px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Glycogenesis" title="Glycogenesis"><span style="color:#2e427e;">Glyco-<br>genesis</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_360x160" style="position:absolute; left:360px; top:160px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Glycolysis" title="Glycolysis"><span style="color:#ea0000;">Glyco-<br>lysis</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_300x160" style="position:absolute; left:300px; top:160px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:right;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Gluconeogenesis" title="Gluconeogenesis"><span style="color:#0033cc;">Gluconeo-<br>genesis</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_310x332" style="position:absolute; left:310px; top:332px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:right;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Pyruvate_dehydrogenase" title="Pyruvate dehydrogenase"><span style="color:#ea6000;">Pyruvate<br>decarb-<br>oxylation</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_365x335" style="position:absolute; left:365px; top:335px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Lactic_acid_fermentation" title="Lactic acid fermentation"><span style="color:#d47ff0;">Fermentation</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_325x430" style="position:absolute; left:325px; top:430px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:right;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Ketone_bodies" title="Ketone bodies"><span style="color:#e06c1f;">Keto-<br>lysis</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_365x430" style="position:absolute; left:365px; top:430px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Ketogenesis" title="Ketogenesis"><span style="color:#5f8216;">Keto-<br>genesis</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_195x470" style="position:absolute; left:195px; top:470px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Gluconeogenesis" title="Gluconeogenesis"><span style="color:#0033cc;">feeders to<br>gluconeo-<br>genesis</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_225x230" style="position:absolute; left:225px; top:230px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:right;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Carbon_fixation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fixation"><span style="color:#9373d3;">Direct / C4 / CAM<br>carbon intake</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_125x143" style="position:absolute; left:125px; top:143px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Light-dependent_reactions" title="Light-dependent reactions"><span style="color:#9373d3;">Light reaction</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_115x355" style="position:absolute; left:115px; top:355px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Oxidative_phosphorylation" title="Oxidative phosphorylation"><span style="color:#c34747;">Oxidative<br>phosphorylation</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_25x415" style="position:absolute; left:25px; top:415px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Deamination" title="Deamination"><span style="color:#4999c2;">Amino acid<br>deamination</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_315x288" style="position:absolute; left:315px; top:288px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Fatty_acid_synthesis#Glycolytic_end_products_are_used_in_the_conversion_of_carbohydrates_into_fatty_acids" title="Fatty acid synthesis"><span style="color:#00d300;">Citrate<br>shuttle</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_590x415" style="position:absolute; left:590px; top:415px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Lipogenesis" title="Lipogenesis"><span style="color:#00d300;">Lipogenesis</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_590x455" style="position:absolute; left:590px; top:455px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Lipolysis" title="Lipolysis"><span style="color:#ff66cc;">Lipolysis</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_585x260" style="position:absolute; left:585px; top:260px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Steroid#Steroidogenesis" title="Steroid"><span style="color:#0099cc;">Steroidogenesis</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_470x235" style="position:absolute; left:470px; top:235px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Mevalonate_pathway" title="Mevalonate pathway"><span style="color:#0099cc;">MVA pathway</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_460x210" style="position:absolute; left:460px; top:210px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Non-mevalonate_pathway" title="Non-mevalonate pathway"><span style="color:#af753a;">MEP pathway</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_487x153" style="position:absolute; left:487px; top:153px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_555x105" style="position:absolute; left:555px; top:105px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Transcription_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription (genetics)"><span style="color:#79793d;">Transcription &</span></a><br><a href="DNA_replication" title="DNA replication"><span style="color:#79793d;">replication</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_600x83" style="position:absolute; left:600px; top:83px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Translation_(biology)" title="Translation (biology)"><span style="color:#79793d;">Translation</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_600x57" style="position:absolute; left:600px; top:57px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Proteolysis" title="Proteolysis"><span style="color:#6666cc;">Proteolysis</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_687x55" style="position:absolute; left:687px; top:55px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:; color:inherit;"> <i><b><a href="Glycosylation" title="Glycosylation"><span style="color:#79793d;">Glycosyl-<br>ation</span></a></b></i> </span></div>
<p><br>
</p>
<div id="annotation_210x38" style="position:absolute; left:210px; top:38px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Sugar_acid" title="Sugar acid">Sugar<br>acids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_240x38" style="position:absolute; left:240px; top:38px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Disaccharide" title="Disaccharide">Double</a>/<a href="Polysaccharide" title="Polysaccharide">multiple<br>sugars</a> & <a href="Glycan" title="Glycan">glycans</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_340x38" style="position:absolute; left:340px; top:38px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Monosaccharide" title="Monosaccharide">Simple<br>sugars</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_380x45" style="position:absolute; left:380px; top:45px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Inositol_phosphate" title="Inositol phosphate">Inositol-P</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_160x90" style="position:absolute; left:160px; top:90px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Amino_sugar" title="Amino sugar">Amino sugars</a><br>& <a href="Sialic_acid" title="Sialic acid">sialic acids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_245x120" style="position:absolute; left:245px; top:120px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Nucleotide_sugar" title="Nucleotide sugar">Nucleotide sugars</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_365x105" style="position:absolute; left:365px; top:105px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Glucose_6-phosphate" title="Glucose 6-phosphate">Hexose-P</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_315x180" style="position:absolute; left:315px; top:180px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Glyceraldehyde_3-phosphate" title="Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate">Triose-P</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_305x240" style="position:absolute; left:305px; top:240px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Glycerol" title="Glycerol">Glycerol</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_300x260" style="position:absolute; left:300px; top:260px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Phosphoglycerate" title="Phosphoglycerate">P-glycerates</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_425x110" style="position:absolute; left:425px; top:110px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Ribose_5-phosphate" title="Ribose 5-phosphate">Pentose-P</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_470x190" style="position:absolute; left:470px; top:190px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Erythrose_4-phosphate" title="Erythrose 4-phosphate">Tetrose-P</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_410x440" style="position:absolute; left:410px; top:440px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Propionyl-CoA" title="Propionyl-CoA">Propionyl<br>-CoA</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_310x495" style="position:absolute; left:310px; top:495px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Succinic_acid" title="Succinic acid">Succinate</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_455x530" style="position:absolute; left:455px; top:530px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Acetyl-CoA" title="Acetyl-CoA">Acetyl<br>-CoA</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_150x155" style="position:absolute; left:150px; top:155px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Ribose_5-phosphate" title="Ribose 5-phosphate">Pentose-P</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_230x210" style="position:absolute; left:230px; top:210px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Phosphoglycerate" title="Phosphoglycerate">P-glycerates</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_85x180" style="position:absolute; left:85px; top:180px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Glyoxylic_acid" title="Glyoxylic acid">Glyoxylate</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_65x152" style="position:absolute; left:65px; top:152px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Photosystem" title="Photosystem">Photosystems</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_320x310" style="position:absolute; left:320px; top:310px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Pyruvic_acid" title="Pyruvic acid">Pyruvate</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_410x308" style="position:absolute; left:410px; top:308px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid">Lactate</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_365x345" style="position:absolute; left:365px; top:345px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Acetyl-CoA" title="Acetyl-CoA">Acetyl<br>-CoA</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_295x380" style="position:absolute; left:295px; top:380px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Citric_acid" title="Citric acid">Citrate</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_270x300" style="position:absolute; left:270px; top:300px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Oxaloacetic_acid" title="Oxaloacetic acid">Oxalo-<br>acetate</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_200x310" style="position:absolute; left:200px; top:310px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Malic_acid" title="Malic acid">Malate</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_195x405" style="position:absolute; left:195px; top:405px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Succinyl-CoA" title="Succinyl-CoA">Succinyl<br>-CoA</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_275x405" style="position:absolute; left:275px; top:405px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Alpha-Ketoglutaric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid">α-Keto-<br>glutarate</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_370x455" style="position:absolute; left:370px; top:455px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Ketone_bodies" title="Ketone bodies">Ketone<br>bodies</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_70x365" style="position:absolute; left:70px; top:365px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Electron_transport_chain" title="Electron transport chain">Respiratory<br>chain</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_370x265" style="position:absolute; left:370px; top:265px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Serine" title="Serine">Serine group</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_395x290" style="position:absolute; left:395px; top:290px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Alanine" title="Alanine">Alanine</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_415x345" style="position:absolute; left:415px; top:345px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Branched-chain_amino_acid" title="Branched-chain amino acid">Branched-chain<br>amino acids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_275x275" style="position:absolute; left:275px; top:275px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Aspartic_acid" title="Aspartic acid">Aspartate<br>group</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_180x250" style="position:absolute; left:180px; top:250px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Homoserine" title="Homoserine">Homoserine<br>group</a><br>& <a href="Lysine" title="Lysine">lysine</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_280x445" style="position:absolute; left:280px; top:445px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid">Glutamate<br>group</a><br>& <a href="Proline" title="Proline">proline</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_105x465" style="position:absolute; left:105px; top:465px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Arginine" title="Arginine">Arginine</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_40x465" style="position:absolute; left:40px; top:465px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Creatine" title="Creatine">Creatine</a><br>& <a href="Polyamine" title="Polyamine">polyamines</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_415x385" style="position:absolute; left:415px; top:385px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Ketogenic_amino_acid" title="Ketogenic amino acid">Ketogenic</a> &<br><a href="Glucogenic_amino_acid" title="Glucogenic amino acid">glucogenic<br>amino acids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_550x85" style="position:absolute; left:550px; top:85px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">Amino acids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_520x190" style="position:absolute; left:520px; top:190px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Shikimic_acid" title="Shikimic acid">Shikimate</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_635x165" style="position:absolute; left:635px; top:165px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Aromatic_amino_acid" title="Aromatic amino acid">Aromatic amino<br>acids</a> & <a href="Histidine" title="Histidine">histidine</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_158x38" style="position:absolute; left:158px; top:38px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Ascorbate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascorbate">Ascorbate</a><br>(<a href="Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a>) </span></div>
<div id="annotation_275x490" style="position:absolute; left:275px; top:490px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Aminolevulinic_acid" title="Aminolevulinic acid">δ-ALA</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_155x510" style="position:absolute; left:155px; top:510px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Bile_pigment" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile pigment">Bile<br>pigments</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_210x520" style="position:absolute; left:210px; top:520px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Heme" title="Heme">Hemes</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_245x585" style="position:absolute; left:245px; top:585px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Cobalamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalamin">Cobalamins</a> (<a href="Vitamin_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamin B">vitamin B<sub>12</sub></a>) </span></div>
<div id="annotation_425x45" style="position:absolute; left:425px; top:45px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Vitamin_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamin B">Various<br>vitamin Bs</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_625x300" style="position:absolute; left:625px; top:300px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Calciferol" class="mw-redirect" title="Calciferol">Calciferols</a><br>(<a href="Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">vitamin D</a>) </span></div>
<div id="annotation_725x235" style="position:absolute; left:725px; top:235px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Retinoid" title="Retinoid">Retinoids</a><br>(<a href="Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">vitamin A</a>) </span></div>
<div id="annotation_590x190" style="position:absolute; left:590px; top:190px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Quinone" title="Quinone">Quinones</a> (<a href="Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">vitamin K</a>)<br>& <a href="Tocopherol" title="Tocopherol">tocopherols</a> (<a href="Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitamin E</a>) </span></div>
<div id="annotation_665x140" style="position:absolute; left:665px; top:140px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactors</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_745x140" style="position:absolute; left:745px; top:140px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a><br>& <a href="Metalloprotein" title="Metalloprotein">minerals</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_720x185" style="position:absolute; left:720px; top:185px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Antioxidant" title="Antioxidant">Antioxidants</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_490x140" style="position:absolute; left:490px; top:140px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Phosphoribosyl_pyrophosphate" title="Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate">PRPP</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_535x140" style="position:absolute; left:535px; top:140px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Nucleotide" title="Nucleotide">Nucleotides</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_610x140" style="position:absolute; left:610px; top:140px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Nucleic_acid" title="Nucleic acid">Nucleic<br>acids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_665x87" style="position:absolute; left:665px; top:87px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Protein" title="Protein">Proteins</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_710x87" style="position:absolute; left:710px; top:87px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Glycoprotein" title="Glycoprotein">Glycoproteins</a><br>& <a href="Proteoglycan" title="Proteoglycan">proteoglycans</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_280x520" style="position:absolute; left:280px; top:520px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">Chlorophylls</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_410x235" style="position:absolute; left:410px; top:235px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Methylerythritol_phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylerythritol phosphate">MEP</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_420x245" style="position:absolute; left:420px; top:245px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Mevalonic_acid" title="Mevalonic acid">MVA</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_420x260" style="position:absolute; left:420px; top:260px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Acetyl-CoA" title="Acetyl-CoA">Acetyl<br>-CoA</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_440x330" style="position:absolute; left:440px; top:330px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Polyketide" title="Polyketide">Polyketides</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_555x230" style="position:absolute; left:555px; top:230px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Isopentenyl_pyrophosphate" title="Isopentenyl pyrophosphate">Terpenoid<br>backbones</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_625x235" style="position:absolute; left:625px; top:235px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Terpenoid" title="Terpenoid">Terpenoids</a><br>& <a href="Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoids</a> (<a href="Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">vitamin A</a>) </span></div>
<div id="annotation_640x287" style="position:absolute; left:640px; top:287px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_720x287" style="position:absolute; left:720px; top:287px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Bile_acid" title="Bile acid">Bile acids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_640x330" style="position:absolute; left:640px; top:330px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Glycerophospholipid" title="Glycerophospholipid">Glycero-<br>phospholipids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_600x397" style="position:absolute; left:600px; top:397px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Glycerolipid" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycerolipid">Glycerolipids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_620x430" style="position:absolute; left:620px; top:430px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Acyl-CoA" title="Acyl-CoA">Acyl-CoA</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_630x500" style="position:absolute; left:630px; top:500px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">Fatty<br>acids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_720x350" style="position:absolute; left:720px; top:350px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Glycosphingolipid" title="Glycosphingolipid">Glyco-<br>sphingolipids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_720x397" style="position:absolute; left:720px; top:397px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Sphingolipid" title="Sphingolipid">Sphingolipids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_720x440" style="position:absolute; left:720px; top:440px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Wax" title="Wax">Waxes</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_680x497" style="position:absolute; left:680px; top:497px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Polyunsaturated_fatty_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyunsaturated fatty acid">Polyunsaturated<br>fatty acids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_470x45" style="position:absolute; left:470px; top:45px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Neurotransmitters" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotransmitters">Neurotransmitters</a><br>& <a href="Thyroid_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid hormone">thyroid hormones</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_705x305" style="position:absolute; left:705px; top:305px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Steroid" title="Steroid">Steroids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_587x330" style="position:absolute; left:587px; top:330px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Endocannabinoid_system" title="Endocannabinoid system">Endo-<br>cannabinoids</a> </span></div>
<div id="annotation_735x465" style="position:absolute; left:735px; top:465px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <a href="Eicosanoid" title="Eicosanoid">Eicosanoids</a> </span></div></div>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div style="float:left;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="The image above contains clickable links"></span></span></div> <div class="skin-invert-image">Major <a href="Metabolic_pathway" title="Metabolic pathway">metabolic pathways</a> in <a href="Transit_map" title="Transit map">metro-style map</a>. Click any text (name of pathway or metabolites) to link to the corresponding article.<br>Single lines: pathways common to most lifeforms. Double lines: pathways not in humans (occurs in e.g. plants, fungi, prokaryotes). <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> Orange nodes: <a href="Carbohydrate_metabolism" title="Carbohydrate metabolism">carbohydrate metabolism</a>.</span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> Violet nodes: <a href="Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a>.</span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> Red nodes: <a href="Cellular_respiration" title="Cellular respiration">cellular respiration</a>.</span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> Pink nodes: <a href="Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">cell signaling</a>.</span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> Blue nodes: <a href="Amino_acid_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Amino acid metabolism">amino acid metabolism</a>.</span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> Grey nodes: <a href="Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamin</a> and <a href="Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">cofactor</a> metabolism.</span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> Brown nodes: <a href="Nucleic_acid_metabolism" title="Nucleic acid metabolism">nucleotide</a> and <a href="Protein_metabolism" title="Protein metabolism">protein</a> metabolism.</span> <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> Green nodes: <a href="Lipid_metabolism" title="Lipid metabolism">lipid metabolism</a>.</span></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-20" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Shikimate_pathway&oldid=1291396767">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
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